Foreign and Security Policy

This explainer provides an overview of the key design elements of the EU's ‘carbon border adjustment mechanism’ (CBAM) as part of the EU Green Deal's new approach to carbon leakage.

Since the 1970s oil crisis, energy security has evolved to address climate change, globalization, and decarbonization. This overview examines the EU's evolving concept of energy security.

If the development of a commercially viable quantum computer is successful, those companies and governments that had early access to hardware and software will have a significant business advantage and increase in technological sovereignty over those who entered the race late.

Regulatory interdependence shapes AI ethics enforcement and requires a diverse approach to enhance jurisdictions' AI sovereignty, crucial for the EU's digital sovereignty goals.

What is Privacy by Design? How address the evolving challenges to privacy as a fundamental right in our increasingly digital and networked world, amidst growing concerns over data breaches and surveillance? What challenges does privacy face today?

Combating authoritarian overreach and protecting minority rights without turning autocratic is a perennial challenge for democracies, now intensified by the threat of digital authoritarianism.

To safeguard personal freedom and the rule of law, democracies must adapt to "fight at machine speed" when necessary. This means digitization in defense should extend beyond logistics and surveillance to include responsible weapons engagement.